Looking for a powerful middle school novel that builds empathy, encourages critical thinking, and connects literature to real-world history? Refugee by Alan Gratz is an excellent choice for grades 5-8.
This compelling historical fiction novel follows three young people from three different time periods and countries as they flee dangerous circumstances in search of safety. Through the stories of Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud, students encounter themes of refugees, immigration, displacement, courage, resilience, family, freedom, and hope.
For teachers, Refugee offers far more than an engaging story. It provides countless opportunities for reading comprehension, character analysis, historical research, writing, discussion, geography, and perspective-taking.
We earn a commission if you make a purchase, at no additional cost to you.
Why Teach Refugee by Alan Gratz?
One of the greatest strengths of Refugee is the way Alan Gratz helps young readers understand an enormous global issue through the experiences of individual children.
Rather than simply learning about refugees from a textbook or article, students follow Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud as they experience fear, uncertainty, loss, and hope firsthand.
That makes Refugee an especially effective empathy-building novel for middle school students.
1. Refugee Encourages Empathy and Perspective-Taking
The novel allows students to see the world from perspectives that may be very different from their own.
Josef is a Jewish boy fleeing Nazi Germany in 1939. Isabel is a Cuban girl whose family attempts to escape Cuba in 1994. Mahmoud is a Syrian boy forced to flee his home during the Syrian Civil War in 2015.
Although their circumstances are different, the three stories share universal themes of family, fear, courage, survival, and the search for a safe place to call home.
As students read, they can consider questions such as:
How would you feel if you had to leave your home?
What would you be willing to risk to protect your family?
How does fear influence the characters’ decisions?
What does it mean to be brave?
How can our experiences influence the way we understand other people?
These discussions can help students develop empathy while also strengthening their ability to analyze character motivations and perspectives.
2. Refugee Connects ELA and Social Studies
One of the biggest advantages of using Refugee as a classroom novel is its cross-curricular potential.
Each of the three storylines gives students an opportunity to explore a different historical and geographical setting.
Josef – Nazi Germany
Josef’s story introduces students to the persecution of Jewish people during Nazi Germany and provides opportunities to explore topics such as Hitler Youth, the Sturmabteilung (SA), Kristallnacht, and the MS St. Louis.
Isabel – Cuba
Isabel’s story takes place during the Cuban refugee crisis and allows students to learn more about Fidel Castro, Cuba, and the political and economic circumstances that led families to leave the country.
Mahmoud – Syria
Mahmoud’s story introduces students to the Syrian Civil War and the refugee crisis of the 21st century.
These historical connections make Refugee an excellent choice for an ELA and social studies cross-curricular unit.
Students aren’t simply reading a story—they’re examining the historical circumstances that shaped the characters’ lives.
3. Refugee Provides Excellent Reading Comprehension Practice
Because the novel switches between three protagonists and three different time periods, students must pay close attention to the details.
A Refugee novel study can help students practice:
Reading comprehension
Making inferences
Identifying themes
Analyzing character development
Comparing and contrasting characters
Determining cause and effect
Summarizing
Analyzing setting
Examining conflict
Supporting ideas with text evidence
Making connections between historical events and literature
The structure of the novel also gives teachers an opportunity to have students compare the experiences of Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud and identify the similarities and differences among their journeys.
Few topics generate more thoughtful discussion than questions about what people are willing to do to protect themselves and their families.
As students read Refugee, they can discuss topics such as:
What does it mean to be a refugee?
Why do people leave their homes?
What makes someone courageous?
How do governments and historical events affect individuals?
What responsibilities do countries have toward refugees?
How does perspective affect the way we understand an event?
What similarities exist between the three protagonists?
How does the author use three different stories to communicate a larger message?
These conversations provide natural opportunities for speaking and listening practice, argumentative writing, evidence-based responses, and critical thinking.
5. Refugee Makes History Personal
History can sometimes feel distant to students.
Reading dates, names, and events in a textbook is one thing. Experiencing those events through the eyes of a young person is something entirely different.
Refugee brings history to life by allowing students to experience major historical events through the perspectives of children and families.
Students can connect literature with historical research as they learn about:
Nazi Germany
Kristallnacht
Hitler Youth
The MS St. Louis
Cuba under Fidel Castro
The Cuban refugee experience
The Syrian Civil War
The modern refugee crisis
This makes Refugee an excellent historical fiction novel for middle school ELA and social studies instruction.
6. The Novel Encourages Strong Writing
Refugee also provides numerous opportunities for meaningful writing assignments.
Students can write about:
Character development
Theme
Conflict
Historical context
Personal reactions
Perspective
Courage and resilience
Similarities and differences among the protagonists
The choices characters make throughout the novel
The novel’s complex themes make it particularly useful for moving students beyond simple recall questions and toward text-based analysis and deeper written responses.
Looking for Refugee Novel Study Activities and Lesson Plans?
While Refugee is an incredibly powerful novel, creating an entire unit from scratch can take hours.
That’s why I created a complete Refugee Novel Study for grades 5-8.
This ready-to-use resource provides the materials you need to teach the novel while incorporating reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, character analysis, writing, historical research, and assessment.
What’s Included in the Refugee Novel Study?
The complete unit includes:
Detailed lesson plans
Pacing and standards guide
Chapter-by-chapter comprehension questions
Vocabulary and grammar activities
65 vocabulary words
Character analysis activities
Mapping activities for all three stories
Writing activities
End-of-book activities
Story elements activities
Three-part assessments
Answer keys
Common Core alignment for grades 5-8
Historical nonfiction research WebQuests
Printable student materials
Google Drive digital materials
The included WebQuests allow students to dig deeper into the historical background of the novel, including the Sturmabteilung (SA), Kristallnacht, Hitler Youth, the MS St. Louis, Fidel Castro and Cuba, and the Syrian Civil War.
The resource is available in both printable and digital Google Drive formats, making it flexible for traditional classrooms, paperless classrooms, Google Classroom, small groups, or homeschool instruction.
Help Students Read Refugee With Greater Understanding
Refugee by Alan Gratz is more than a compelling middle school novel. It is an opportunity to help students explore history, empathy, resilience, perspective, courage, and the experiences of people forced to leave their homes.
By combining the novel with thoughtful discussion, historical research, reading comprehension activities, and writing assignments, teachers can create a meaningful learning experience that extends far beyond the pages of the book.
If you’re planning a Refugee novel unit for grades 5-8, having your lesson plans, activities, comprehension questions, vocabulary work, assessments, and historical research activities ready to go can save you hours of preparation.
Try a Free Sample
Want to see what’s included before you buy? Download the free sample of the Refugee novel study and take a look at the activities, lesson materials, and student resources.
Are you teaching Refugee this school year? How do you celebrate kindness in your classroom?
Join our free community, Book Talk with The Teaching Bank, to share ideas, grab freebies, and connect with 3rd–8th grade teachers using novels in the classroom!
*The Teaching Bank participates in the Amazon Associate Program and earns a fee from qualifying purchases made on the Amazon.com site.
The Summer of the Swans by Betsy Byars is a great coming-of-age novel to use in your classroom or homeschool for a whole class novel study, in small book groups, or with individual book studies to explore the character’s path to self-acceptance and the growth to understand what is really important in her heart.
We earn a commission if you make a purchase, at no additional cost to you.
Benefits of Using The Summer of the Swans in Your Classroom:
Offers Themes of Identity and Adolescence: At its core, The Summer of the Swans delves into the universal themes of identity and adolescence. Set against the backdrop of a small town, the novel follows the journey of Sara, a teenage girl grappling with feelings of insecurity and self-doubt. Her struggles with her own identity, coupled with her desire for acceptance, resonate deeply with young readers navigating similar challenges. By exploring Sara’s journey, students can engage in meaningful discussions about self-discovery, empathy, and the importance of embracing one’s true self.
Contains Rich Character Development: Betsy Byars has masterfully crafted a diverse cast of characters in The Summer of the Swans, each with their own unique struggles and complexities. From Sara’s protective older sister Wanda to the enigmatic Charlie, the characters in the novel are richly developed and multi-dimensional. By analyzing and discussing these characters, students can gain valuable insights into human nature, empathy, and the complexities of interpersonal relationships.
Explorations of Family Dynamics: Family dynamics play a central role in The Summer of the Swans, providing ample opportunities for classroom discussions. From Sara’s strained relationship with her older sister to her deep bond with her mentally challenged brother, the novel offers a nuanced portrayal of familial love and conflict. By examining these dynamics, students can explore themes of empathy, forgiveness, and the importance of family support systems.
Connection to Nature: Nature serves as a powerful backdrop in The Summer of the Swans, with the tranquil setting of the lake and the majestic swans playing a symbolic role throughout the novel. By immersing students in the natural world depicted in the story, teachers can encourage a deeper appreciation for the environment and foster a sense of wonder and curiosity. Additionally, the novel provides opportunities for interdisciplinary learning, with themes of ecology, conservation, and environmental stewardship woven throughout the narrative.
Provides Literary Merit and Cross-Curricular Connections: The Summer of the Swans has received critical acclaim since its publication, earning numerous awards, including the Newbery Medal. Its literary merit makes it an ideal choice for classroom use, providing students with exposure to high-quality literature and opportunities for literary analysis and interpretation. Furthermore, the novel lends itself to cross-curricular connections, with potential tie-ins to history, social studies, and art, allowing teachers to integrate multiple subject areas seamlessly.
Incorporating The Summer of the Swansby Betsy Byars into the classroom offers myriad benefits for both teachers and students alike. From its exploration of universal themes to its rich character development and literary merit, the novel provides ample opportunities for engagement, discussion, and learning. By harnessing the power of literature, teachers can inspire a lifelong love of reading and foster empathy, critical thinking, and creativity in their students.
I offer a complete novel study to accompany The Summer of the Swans for use in the classroom or homeschool. The unit includes both a printable format and a Google Drive™ format for use in a paperless classroom or with Google Classroom.
Try a free sample of the novel study for The Summer of the Swans
You can purchase this novel study at the following locations:
Are you interested in reading about and sharing ideas with other educators on using children’s literature in your classroom? My goal is to bring together teachers and homeschoolers who teach grades 3-8 and use novels with their students. I’d love for you to join me to learn, share, and grow together!
Louis Sachar’s Small Steps, a sequel to the critically acclaimed Holes, stands out for its engaging narratives and profound themes. Teachers should consider incorporating Small Steps into their classroom curriculum. From its relatable characters to its valuable life lessons, this novel offers numerous educational benefits that can enhance students’ learning experiences.
We earn a commission if you make a purchase, at no additional cost to you.
The main character, Stanley Yelnats’ story was wrapped up in the book Holes. In Holes, we were introduced to several other boys who had been sentenced to Camp Green Lake but the book didn’t go too much into their backstories, nor do we know what happened to them moving forward. Small Steps fills this hole for the readers regarding the characters, Armpit and X-Ray.
Benefits of Using Small Steps in Your Classroom:
Offers Relatable Characters and Real-World Issues: Small Steps follows the journey of Armpit, a character from Holes, as he navigates life after his release from a juvenile detention center. The story addresses real-world issues such as overcoming adversity, personal growth, and the challenges of reintegration into society. These themes are relatable to students, especially those who may be facing their own struggles. By seeing a character overcome obstacles, students can find inspiration and hope in their own lives.
Promotes Critical Thinking and Discussion: The novel is rich with themes that lend themselves to classroom discussions and critical thinking exercises. Topics such as friendship, redemption, and societal expectations can prompt meaningful conversations among students. Teachers can use Small Steps to encourage students to analyze character motivations, plot developments, and the broader social context of the story. This not only enhances their comprehension skills but also fosters a deeper understanding of the world around them.
Encourages Empathy and Emotional Intelligence: Louis Sachar’s writing is known for its ability to evoke empathy and emotional responses from readers. Small Steps is no different, as it allows students to see the world through the eyes of Armpit and other characters. By engaging with these perspectives, students can develop greater empathy and emotional intelligence. These skills are crucial for personal development and for creating a supportive and understanding classroom environment.
Integrates Well with Other Subjects: Small Steps can be integrated into various subjects beyond just language arts. For example, teachers can incorporate lessons on social studies by discussing the societal issues portrayed in the book. Math lessons can include problem-solving activities related to the plot, such as calculating distances or managing finances as Armpit does. This interdisciplinary approach can make learning more engaging and relevant for students.
Enhances Reading and Writing Skills: Reading Small Steps provides an opportunity for students to improve their reading and writing skills. Teachers can assign reading comprehension exercises, vocabulary-building activities, and creative writing prompts based on the novel. For instance, students can write alternative endings, character diaries, or persuasive essays on the book’s themes. These activities help students practice critical literacy skills in a fun and meaningful way.
Incorporating Small Steps by Louis Sachar into the classroom offers numerous educational benefits. Its relatable characters and real-world issues can inspire and engage students, while its themes promote critical thinking, empathy, and emotional intelligence. Additionally, the novel’s versatility allows it to be integrated with various subjects, enhancing students’ overall learning experience. By choosing Small Steps, teachers can provide their students with a rich and rewarding literary journey.
I offer a complete novel study to accompany Small Steps for use in the classroom or homeschool. The unit includes both a printable format and a Google Drive™ format for use in a paperless classroom or with Google Classroom. The subject matter of Small Steps is a little more mature than Holes. I have my Holes novel study marked for 4-6th grades, whereas Small Steps is marked for 5-8th grades due to the more mature nature of the plotline.
Are you interested in reading about and sharing ideas with other educators on using children’s literature in your classroom? My goal is to bring together teachers and homeschoolers who teach grades 3-8 and use novels with their students. I’d love for you to join me to learn, share, and grow together!
Strider by Beverly Cleary is a captivating novel that will engage your students and spark meaningful discussions in your classroom. This timeless classic, the sequel to the award-winning Dear Mr. Henshaw, captivates readers with its rich themes and relatable characters making it an excellent choice for educators.
We earn a commission if you make a purchase, at no additional cost to you.
Benefits of Using Strider in Your Classroom:
Relatable Themes: Strider delves into themes that resonate with students of all ages. From friendship and self-discovery to dealing with challenges and finding one’s voice, the novel offers a wealth of topics for meaningful classroom discussions. Students can relate to the protagonist’s journey and learn valuable life lessons along the way.
Character Development: The characters in Strider are well-developed and multi-dimensional, making them perfect for character analysis and discussions about growth and change. Students can explore how the protagonist evolves throughout the story and what drives their actions, fostering critical thinking and empathy.
Literary Analysis Opportunities: Beverly Cleary’s writing style in Striderprovides ample opportunities for literary analysis. From narrative techniques to symbolism and imagery, students can delve deep into the text and uncover layers of meaning, enhancing their analytical and interpretive skills.
Relevance to Curriculum Standards: Strider aligns with various curriculum standards, including those related to language arts, character education, and social-emotional learning. Teachers can seamlessly integrate the novel into their lesson plans to meet educational objectives while engaging students in meaningful discussions and activities.
Encourages a Love for Reading: One of the most significant benefits of using Strider in the classroom is its ability to instill a love for reading in students. The captivating story, relatable characters, and thought-provoking themes can inspire a lifelong passion for literature and storytelling.
Strider by Beverly Cleary is a valuable addition to any classroom library. Its relatable themes, well-developed characters, literary merits, alignment with curriculum standards, and ability to foster a love for reading make it a must-read for students of all ages. By incorporating Strider into your classroom, you can ignite curiosity, foster critical thinking, and create memorable learning experiences for your students.
I offer complete novel studies to accompany Strider for use in the classroom or homeschool. Each unit includes both a printable format and a Google Drive™ format for use in a paperless classroom or with Google Classroom.
Try a free sample of the novel study for Dear Mr. Henshaw
You can purchase the novel study for Strider at the following locations:
I offer the novel study for Dear Mr. Henshaw and the sequel, Strider bundled together at a 20% discount!
Are you interested in reading about and sharing ideas with other educators on using children’s literature in your classroom? My goal is to bring together teachers and homeschoolers who teach grades 3-8 and use novels with their students. I’d love for you to join me to learn, share, and grow together!
Sounder by William H. Armstrong is a powerful and thought-provoking novel that captivates readers. Whether you are a student, a teacher, or simply an avid reader, this classic work of literature is an excellent choice for a novel study.
We earn a commission if you make a purchase, at no additional cost to you.
Sounder was published in 1969 and went on to be awarded the Newbery Medal in 1970. It has also been made into a feature film that earned several Academy Award nominations in 1972.
Sounder is a great choice for a novel study
Relevant and Timeless Themes: Sounder is a novel that explores timeless themes such as poverty, racism, and family relationships. These themes are still relevant today, making it an excellent choice for a novel study that will engage and challenge your students.
Inspiring Characters: The characters in Sounder are complex and relatable, making them ideal for students to study and analyze. The protagonist, a young African-American boy named David, is especially inspiring as he learns to overcome adversity and grow into a strong and compassionate person.
Beautifully Written: William H. Armstrong’s writing style is simple, yet beautiful and evocative. The prose is easy to understand and will engage students, making it an ideal choice for middle school students.
Engaging Plot: The plot of Sounder is both engaging and thought-provoking. It tells the story of a young boy and his family who must struggle to survive in the face of poverty and racism. This powerful story will keep students engaged and invested in the novel.
Cultural Significance: Sounder is a historically important novel that offers valuable insights into the lives of African Americans during the 19th century. It will broaden students’ understanding of American history and culture.
Supports Critical Thinking and Analysis: Reading Sounder will encourage students to think critically and analyze the themes, characters, and events which will help them to develop essential skills such as close reading, analysis, and interpretation.
This book takes a quiet look at the life of a poor, black sharecropping family in the South. It gives students an eye into the turmoil and adversity many families such as this faced at that time. Using literature in this way can help students empathize with the issues and gain an understanding of the history of those who came before us here in America. It is a tale worth using in your classroom.
I offer a complete novel study to accompany Sounder for use in the classroom or homeschool. The unit includes both a printable format and a Google Drive™ format for use in a paperless classroom or with Google Classroom.
You can purchase this novel study at the following locations:
Are you interested in reading about and sharing ideas with other educators on using children’s literature in your classroom? My goal is to bring together teachers and homeschoolers who teach grades 3-8 and use novels with their students. I’d love for you to join me to learn, share, and grow together!
