If you are a child of the 1970s and ’80s like me, you grew up with the revered Little House books (and TV series) by Laura Ingalls Wilder. As times have progressed and changed, we’ve looked back at these stories with a new perspective in regard to racial issues they present. In 2018, the American Library Association changed the name of their top award from the Laura Ingalls Wilder Award to the Children’s Literature Legacy Award in response to the change in perspective and inclusiveness in today’s society.
Many people believe that there is no place for the work of Laura Ingalls Wilder in our society. While others believe the whole thing is overblown and nothing is wrong with the books. I see the points with Wilder’s depictions of African Americans, and especially Indigenous Peoples, are derogatory through our 21st-century eyes. There is also merit in her work that kids can benefit from. This offers a teacher a vital opportunity to use as a teachable moment to critique the wrong and extract the good. We can’t ignore history and pretend it never happened. We need to shed light on the mistreatments and inaccuracies for what they are and learn from those mistakes so they are not repeated.
One of the best articles I have read on this subject is by Laura McLemore in her post found here. It puts into historical perspective the times that Wilder was living in during the story, and keeping in mind these books, authored in the 1930s, written through the eyes of an impressionable child who didn’t really have all the knowledge to address the fears she had. This was a very different time for our country and culture. Many views and actions perpetrated during this time were outright wrong and based on false knowledge. If you look through Wilder’s eyes with these points in mind, you can gain perspective of WHY she may have written and believed the things she did without agreeing. You can identify the wrong points in her writing and actions and use the hurtful content to help students understand why this is wrong and how these beliefs continued to hurt as time passed. Kids need to learn these things, and they need to know why it was wrong in order for the future to be a better place.
Because of these beliefs that the Laura Ingalls Wilder books can be used as a tool for greater understanding, a teachable moment, I still feel they have a valuable place in the classroom. Her descriptions of pioneer living are invaluable for children to gain an insight into what it was like living during the late 1800s and what hardships the pioneers faced as they moved west. However, if you do choose to use these books, it is imperative that you give kids the proper historical perspectives and facts. Help them understand the true, and sometimes very awful, part of the history of the western expansion of the United States.
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Benefits of Using Little House in the Big Woods in Your Classroom:
Historical Perspective: One of the greatest benefits of using Little House in the Big Woods in the classroom is its ability to provide students with a firsthand look at American history. Through the eyes of young Laura Ingalls, readers gain insight into the challenges and triumphs of pioneer life during the 1800s. From daily chores to seasonal celebrations, the novel offers a comprehensive glimpse into a bygone era, helping students develop a deeper appreciation for the past.
Cultural Awareness: In addition to its historical significance, Little House in the Big Woods exposes students to different cultural perspectives. As the Ingalls family interacts with Indigenous tribes and other settlers, readers are prompted to consider the complexities of cultural exchange and coexistence. This exposure fosters empathy and understanding, encouraging students to reflect on their own cultural identities and the diversity of the world around them.
Literary Analysis: From its rich imagery to its compelling characters, Little House in the Big Woods provides ample opportunities for literary analysis. Teachers can guide students in examining elements such as setting, characterization, and theme, fostering critical thinking skills and literary appreciation. Additionally, the novel serves as a springboard for discussions on narrative structure, point of view, and storytelling techniques.
Life Skills: The pioneer lifestyle depicted in Little House in the Big Woods offers valuable lessons in self-sufficiency and resilience. Through Laura’s experiences, students learn about the importance of hard work, resourcefulness, and adaptability in the face of adversity. These life skills are not only relevant to historical contexts but also applicable to students’ own lives as they navigate challenges and pursue their goals.
Environmental Awareness: At its core, Little House in the Big Woods celebrates the beauty and bounty of the natural world. From descriptions of the Wisconsin wilderness to depictions of hunting and gathering, the novel underscores the interconnectedness between humans and their environment. By exploring themes of conservation and sustainability, teachers can inspire students to become stewards of the earth and appreciate the wonders of nature.
Cross-Curricular Connections: Little House in the Big Woods lends itself to interdisciplinary learning, allowing teachers to integrate various subjects into their curriculum. For example, students can explore the geography of the Midwest, conduct research on pioneer technologies, or engage in hands-on activities such as cooking traditional recipes mentioned in the novel. By making connections across disciplines, educators create a holistic learning experience that resonates with students’ diverse interests and abilities.
Timeless Themes: Despite being set in the past, Little House in the Big Woods addresses timeless themes that resonate with readers today. From the importance of family bonds to the pursuit of dreams and aspirations, the novel speaks to universal truths about human nature and the human experience. By delving into these themes, teachers can facilitate meaningful discussions and empower students to reflect on their own values, beliefs, and goals.
Little House in the Big Woods offers a myriad of benefits for both teachers and students alike. From its historical insights to its literary richness, this timeless novel provides a wealth of opportunities for learning, exploration, and growth. By embracing the lessons and themes found within its pages, educators can inspire a lifelong love of reading and learning in their students, ensuring that the legacy of Laura Ingalls Wilder continues to endure for generations to come.
I offer a complete novel study to accompany book 1 in the series, Little House in the Big Woods, for use in the classroom or homeschool. The unit includes both a printable format and a Google Drive™ format for use in a paperless classroom or with Google Classroom.
Are you interested in reading about and sharing ideas with other educators on using children’s literature in your classroom? My goal is to bring together teachers and homeschoolers who teach grades 3-8 and use novels with their students. I’d love for you to join me to learn, share, and grow together!
Looking for a meaningful way to combine ELA and social studies while teaching Blood on the River by Elisa Carbone?
This historical fiction novel gives students an opportunity to step into the world of Jamestown in 1607 while developing important reading, writing, vocabulary, and critical-thinking skills.
If you’re planning a Blood on the River novel study for 4th, 5th, or 6th grade, this guide will give you ideas for using the novel to bring early American history to life—and show you how a complete novel study can save you hours of planning.
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Historical fiction has the ability to transport students to a different time and place, immersing them in the world of the past. Blood on the River tells the real-life story of Samuel Collier who voyages to the New World along with Captain John Smith to colonize Jamestown in 1607, during the early years of the Jamestown settlement in Virginia. By reading this novel, students can step into the shoes of the young characters and experience the challenges and adventures of that era.
Why Teach Blood on the River?
Historical fiction can make history feel much more immediate to students.
Instead of simply reading facts about Jamestown, students experience the story through the perspective of Samuel Collier, a young page who travels with Captain John Smith to the New World.
As students read, they encounter the challenges of establishing the Jamestown settlement and are introduced to the people, places, conflicts, and decisions that shaped this important period in American history.
That makes Blood on the River an excellent choice for connecting literature and history.
Students can explore:
The founding of Jamestown
The Virginia Colony
Early English colonization
The journey from England to the New World
The Powhatan people
Relationships between Indigenous Peoples and English settlers
Survival and leadership
Historical perspective
Character development
Conflict and cooperation
Decision-making
Historical fiction versus historical fact
Blood on the River and Jamestown History
One of the biggest advantages of using Blood on the River in the classroom is the opportunity to connect the novel directly to your Jamestown and Colonial America curriculum.
As students read, they can investigate questions such as:
Why did the English establish Jamestown?
What challenges did the colonists face?
How did geography affect the settlement?
What role did leadership play in the survival of the colony?
How did the English settlers interact with the Powhatan people?
How might historical events look different from different perspectives?
How does the novel compare with what we know about the historical Jamestown?
These questions encourage students to think about history as more than a collection of dates and facts.
They begin to see history as a series of experiences, decisions, relationships, and consequences.
Use Historical Fiction to Build Empathy
Blood on the River also provides opportunities for students to think about history from multiple perspectives.
The characters encounter fear, uncertainty, conflict, cultural differences, and difficult decisions. Students can consider what it might have been like to experience these events as a young person living during this period.
This creates opportunities to discuss:
Empathy
Perspective
Cultural differences
Cooperation
Conflict
Leadership
Fairness
Survival
The impact of colonization
These conversations can help students recognize that historical events affected real people with different experiences and perspectives.
Blood on the River Reading Comprehension
Of course, reading a historical fiction novel isn’t just about learning history.
It is also an excellent opportunity to strengthen students’ reading comprehension and literary analysis skills.
Throughout a Blood on the River novel study, students can practice:
Making inferences
Finding text evidence
Summarizing
Making predictions
Identifying character traits
Analyzing character development
Identifying conflict
Determining theme
Understanding cause and effect
Comparing perspectives
Making connections
Determining meaning from context
Supporting written responses with evidence
The best comprehension questions encourage students to explain their thinking rather than simply recall what happened.
For example: How does Samuel’s perspective change as he experiences life in Jamestown?
Or: What evidence from the novel shows how difficult life was for the settlers?
Questions like these allow students to practice reading skills while staying connected to the historical content.
A Complete Blood on the River Novel Study
If you’re looking for a ready-to-use Blood on the River novel unit, I’ve created a comprehensive resource designed for approximately one month of instruction for Grades 4–6.
The complete unit combines reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, writing, critical thinking, assessments, historical activities, and digital resources.
It can be used for:
Whole-class instruction
Small-group reading
Literature circles
Independent reading
Homeschool
ELA
Social studies
Cross-curricular instruction
What’s Included?
The complete Blood on the River Novel Study includes 259 printable PDF pages plus Google Drive Slides and Forms.
Teacher Resources
You’ll receive:
Detailed daily lesson plans
Pacing and Standards Guide
Vocabulary Word Wall Cards
Answer keys
Parent letter
Printable and digital teacher resources
Student Resources
The unit includes:
Spelling list
Vocabulary and grammar activities for 81 words
Chapter-by-chapter comprehension questions
Short-answer questions
Critical-thinking activities
Writing activities
Story elements activities
End-of-book activities
Mapping activity following the colonists’ journey from England to the New World
The mapping activity is a particularly useful way to connect the novel to geography and the historical journey to Jamestown.
Assessments for Blood on the River
You don’t have to create your own assessments, either.
The complete novel study includes:
Assessment after Chapter 9
Assessment after Chapter 18
End-of-book assessment
Vocabulary questions
Reading comprehension questions
Critical-thinking writing questions
Multiple-choice assessments
Digital Google Forms assessments
This gives you multiple opportunities to check students’ understanding throughout the unit.
Connect ELA and Social Studies
This is where Blood on the River really shines.
Instead of teaching your reading and social studies lessons completely separately, you can use the novel as a bridge between the two subjects.
Before purchasing the complete unit, take a look at the FREE Blood on the River Novel Study sample.
You can purchase this novel study at the following locations:
Looking for More Jamestown Resources?
If you’re building a larger unit around early American history, explore the related Eastern Woodlands, Powhatan Empire, and Virginia Colonies/Jamestown resources from The Teaching Bank.
Pairing social studies lessons with historical fiction can give students multiple ways to understand the people, places, and events they’re studying—and make history much more memorable.
Blood on the River can be so much more than a novel students read for ELA.
It can become a bridge between literature, history, geography, culture, critical thinking, and empathy.
Let your students step into the world of Jamestown—and discover history through the power of a story.
💬 Connect with Fellow Educators!
Are you teaching Blood on the River this school year? How do you celebrate kindness in your classroom?
Join our free community, Book Talk with The Teaching Bank, to share ideas, grab freebies, and connect with 3rd–8th grade teachers using novels in the classroom!
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Looking for a powerful middle school novel that builds empathy, encourages critical thinking, and connects literature to real-world history? Refugee by Alan Gratz is an excellent choice for grades 5-8.
This compelling historical fiction novel follows three young people from three different time periods and countries as they flee dangerous circumstances in search of safety. Through the stories of Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud, students encounter themes of refugees, immigration, displacement, courage, resilience, family, freedom, and hope.
For teachers, Refugee offers far more than an engaging story. It provides countless opportunities for reading comprehension, character analysis, historical research, writing, discussion, geography, and perspective-taking.
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Why Teach Refugee by Alan Gratz?
One of the greatest strengths of Refugee is the way Alan Gratz helps young readers understand an enormous global issue through the experiences of individual children.
Rather than simply learning about refugees from a textbook or article, students follow Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud as they experience fear, uncertainty, loss, and hope firsthand.
That makes Refugee an especially effective empathy-building novel for middle school students.
1. Refugee Encourages Empathy and Perspective-Taking
The novel allows students to see the world from perspectives that may be very different from their own.
Josef is a Jewish boy fleeing Nazi Germany in 1939. Isabel is a Cuban girl whose family attempts to escape Cuba in 1994. Mahmoud is a Syrian boy forced to flee his home during the Syrian Civil War in 2015.
Although their circumstances are different, the three stories share universal themes of family, fear, courage, survival, and the search for a safe place to call home.
As students read, they can consider questions such as:
How would you feel if you had to leave your home?
What would you be willing to risk to protect your family?
How does fear influence the characters’ decisions?
What does it mean to be brave?
How can our experiences influence the way we understand other people?
These discussions can help students develop empathy while also strengthening their ability to analyze character motivations and perspectives.
2. Refugee Connects ELA and Social Studies
One of the biggest advantages of using Refugee as a classroom novel is its cross-curricular potential.
Each of the three storylines gives students an opportunity to explore a different historical and geographical setting.
Josef – Nazi Germany
Josef’s story introduces students to the persecution of Jewish people during Nazi Germany and provides opportunities to explore topics such as Hitler Youth, the Sturmabteilung (SA), Kristallnacht, and the MS St. Louis.
Isabel – Cuba
Isabel’s story takes place during the Cuban refugee crisis and allows students to learn more about Fidel Castro, Cuba, and the political and economic circumstances that led families to leave the country.
Mahmoud – Syria
Mahmoud’s story introduces students to the Syrian Civil War and the refugee crisis of the 21st century.
These historical connections make Refugee an excellent choice for an ELA and social studies cross-curricular unit.
Students aren’t simply reading a story—they’re examining the historical circumstances that shaped the characters’ lives.
3. Refugee Provides Excellent Reading Comprehension Practice
Because the novel switches between three protagonists and three different time periods, students must pay close attention to the details.
A Refugee novel study can help students practice:
Reading comprehension
Making inferences
Identifying themes
Analyzing character development
Comparing and contrasting characters
Determining cause and effect
Summarizing
Analyzing setting
Examining conflict
Supporting ideas with text evidence
Making connections between historical events and literature
The structure of the novel also gives teachers an opportunity to have students compare the experiences of Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud and identify the similarities and differences among their journeys.
Few topics generate more thoughtful discussion than questions about what people are willing to do to protect themselves and their families.
As students read Refugee, they can discuss topics such as:
What does it mean to be a refugee?
Why do people leave their homes?
What makes someone courageous?
How do governments and historical events affect individuals?
What responsibilities do countries have toward refugees?
How does perspective affect the way we understand an event?
What similarities exist between the three protagonists?
How does the author use three different stories to communicate a larger message?
These conversations provide natural opportunities for speaking and listening practice, argumentative writing, evidence-based responses, and critical thinking.
5. Refugee Makes History Personal
History can sometimes feel distant to students.
Reading dates, names, and events in a textbook is one thing. Experiencing those events through the eyes of a young person is something entirely different.
Refugee brings history to life by allowing students to experience major historical events through the perspectives of children and families.
Students can connect literature with historical research as they learn about:
Nazi Germany
Kristallnacht
Hitler Youth
The MS St. Louis
Cuba under Fidel Castro
The Cuban refugee experience
The Syrian Civil War
The modern refugee crisis
This makes Refugee an excellent historical fiction novel for middle school ELA and social studies instruction.
6. The Novel Encourages Strong Writing
Refugee also provides numerous opportunities for meaningful writing assignments.
Students can write about:
Character development
Theme
Conflict
Historical context
Personal reactions
Perspective
Courage and resilience
Similarities and differences among the protagonists
The choices characters make throughout the novel
The novel’s complex themes make it particularly useful for moving students beyond simple recall questions and toward text-based analysis and deeper written responses.
Looking for Refugee Novel Study Activities and Lesson Plans?
While Refugee is an incredibly powerful novel, creating an entire unit from scratch can take hours.
That’s why I created a complete Refugee Novel Study for grades 5-8.
This ready-to-use resource provides the materials you need to teach the novel while incorporating reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, character analysis, writing, historical research, and assessment.
What’s Included in the Refugee Novel Study?
The complete unit includes:
Detailed lesson plans
Pacing and standards guide
Chapter-by-chapter comprehension questions
Vocabulary and grammar activities
65 vocabulary words
Character analysis activities
Mapping activities for all three stories
Writing activities
End-of-book activities
Story elements activities
Three-part assessments
Answer keys
Common Core alignment for grades 5-8
Historical nonfiction research WebQuests
Printable student materials
Google Drive digital materials
The included WebQuests allow students to dig deeper into the historical background of the novel, including the Sturmabteilung (SA), Kristallnacht, Hitler Youth, the MS St. Louis, Fidel Castro and Cuba, and the Syrian Civil War.
The resource is available in both printable and digital Google Drive formats, making it flexible for traditional classrooms, paperless classrooms, Google Classroom, small groups, or homeschool instruction.
Help Students Read Refugee With Greater Understanding
Refugee by Alan Gratz is more than a compelling middle school novel. It is an opportunity to help students explore history, empathy, resilience, perspective, courage, and the experiences of people forced to leave their homes.
By combining the novel with thoughtful discussion, historical research, reading comprehension activities, and writing assignments, teachers can create a meaningful learning experience that extends far beyond the pages of the book.
If you’re planning a Refugee novel unit for grades 5-8, having your lesson plans, activities, comprehension questions, vocabulary work, assessments, and historical research activities ready to go can save you hours of preparation.
Try a Free Sample
Want to see what’s included before you buy? Download the free sample of the Refugee novel study and take a look at the activities, lesson materials, and student resources.
Are you teaching Refugee this school year? How do you celebrate kindness in your classroom?
Join our free community, Book Talk with The Teaching Bank, to share ideas, grab freebies, and connect with 3rd–8th grade teachers using novels in the classroom!
*The Teaching Bank participates in the Amazon Associate Program and earns a fee from qualifying purchases made on the Amazon.com site.
I’m Shelley from The Teaching Bank. I have taught 3rd, 4th, and 6th grades.
My goal is to provide lessons and units for K-12 that are practical and ready to teach with minimal prep needed.
